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Andrew Terhorst  
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 More options Jul 25, 2:42 am
From: Andrew Terhorst <andrew.terhorst.cs...@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 24 Jul 2008 23:42:11 -0700 (PDT)
Local: Fri, Jul 25 2008 2:42 am
Subject: Siting of Rainfall Stations
I have to site 14 automatic weather stations in a 3350km2 river
catchment. We intend using these for real-time rainfall-runoff
modelling. I want to use TNTmips to locate optimal sites for the
automatic weather stations.

I have certain restrictions where I site these stations:

1. They need to fall within a GSM-based mobile telephone reception
area (data is communicated form the automatic weather stations to a
central database via a GSM-based mobile telephone network).
2. The stations must be located in a 1 hectare clear space (i.e. no
vegetation canopy)
3. The stations cannot be located in a national park (too much red-
tape involved seeking permission to do so).
4. The stations must be accessible by road (vehicle) i.e. located
within 500m of a road.
5. The stations must be located in those parts of the river catchment
where flow accumulation is highest i.e. those parts of the catchment
that contribute most run-off.

I have the following spatial data at my disposal

A. DEM
B. Mobile telephone coverage map
C. Land ownership
D. Land cover
E. Road network
F. Climate surfaces (annual and monthly gridded rainfall/evaporation/
radiation surfaces)

I can encode business rules in some script that employs raster algebra
I guess and maybe play around with the watershed modelling tool.

What advice can you give me?

Cheers


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Kevin Royal  
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 More options Jul 25, 9:42 am
From: "Kevin Royal" <royal.ke...@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 25 Jul 2008 08:42:55 -0500
Local: Fri, Jul 25 2008 9:42 am
Subject: Re: [TNTtalk] Siting of Rainfall Stations

Andrew:
You could certainly code an SML solution, but you could also prototype your
site selection problem as a series of regions that are then combined in the
display process.  If I wanted a quick look at possible station sites, I'd
try this:

1.  Digitize your GSM reception areas into vectors.  Make the polygons that
cover your study area into a region.
2.  Use your land cover data to make a raster threshold region covering just
the cells that represent clear space.  You can set the this region filter
for a minimum size of > 1 hectare when you are setting the cell values you
want to make a region from.
3.  Select the non park land ownership polygons and make them into a region.
4.  Make a buffer zone region of 500 m from your roads network.
5.  Make a flow accumulation raster using the watershed process.  Use this
raster to make another raster threshold region for the highest cell values
that represent the largest flow accumulations.

You may also want to do some more with your DEM by converting it into a
slope - aspect - shading raster.  Use it to make another raster threshold
region for the areas of highest slope if it affects your runoff models.  You
may also want a region of your river catchment to limit your resulting
regions to your study area's extents.

Once your regions are made, combine them in the display process using the
region combination option with the intersect operation.  You should end up
with several little regions that meet all of the criteria you've set from
the input regions.  Save this region and convert it to a vector for later
use, or just keep adjusting your input regions and re-combining them until
your intersect region gets you the coverage you need.

Use this "preferred sites" region set to select the landowners' polygons so
you know who to contact about placing these stations.

Like I said in the first paragraph, I'm sure you could do something better,
but using interactive regions could give you a quick way to get some
preliminary results or at least a second way to verify your SML model.

Kevin Royal

On Fri, Jul 25, 2008 at 1:42 AM, Andrew Terhorst <


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Randy  
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 More options Jul 25, 12:29 pm
From: Randy <rsm...@microimages.com>
Date: Fri, 25 Jul 2008 09:29:44 -0700 (PDT)
Local: Fri, Jul 25 2008 12:29 pm
Subject: Re: Siting of Rainfall Stations
Andrew,

The simplest scripting approach would be using the GeoFormula process
in TNTmips, where you could use the Multi-Criteria Analysis Model
option from the GeoFormula Creation Wizard.  This option lets you set
up a multi-criteria decision analysis model using any number of input
spatial objects.  It uses a weighted linear combination form of MCDA,
where each input object represents one of the decision factors, and
you assign a relative importance weighting factor to each object.  You
then use the cell values in a raster object or the database attributes
of polygons in a vector object to set up a table of "scores" for each
input object that quantify the spatial variation in that factor.  For
each output cell in the GeoFormula result, the cell value is computed
by multiplying the  score at that location in each object by the
weighting factor for that object and summing these products.

In your application this linear combination approach isn't ideal,
because most of your factors are not gradational in value, but yes/no,
in/out criteria.  But you could assign scores of 0 and 100 for these
binary criteria (for example), such as 100 for inside the 500-m road
buffer and 0 for outside, give each of the 5 factors an equal
weighting value (20%), and then only output cells with a value of 100
would satisfy the siting requirement for all factors.

There are several Technical Guides on the Microimages web site
describing MCDA and the GeoFormula process:

www.microimages.com/documentation/cplates/65mcaplate.pdf

www.microimages.com/documentation/cplates/65gfwizard.pdf

Given the binary nature of the criteria, though, Kevin's region
intersection approach might be simpler to set up and carry out.

--- Randy at MicroImages

On Jul 25, 1:42 am, Andrew Terhorst <andrew.terhorst.cs...@gmail.com>
wrote:


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Andrew Terhorst  
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 More options Aug 25, 2:31 am
From: Andrew Terhorst <andrew.terhorst.cs...@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 24 Aug 2008 23:31:33 -0700 (PDT)
Local: Mon, Aug 25 2008 2:31 am
Subject: Re: Siting of Rainfall Stations
Hi

I finally am starting to get around to this! I like the MCDA approach
but need to figure out the scoring process. The area in question is
quite mountainous so I am using Jack Paris SML scripts to do terrain
correction/improve the fidelity of the TM imagery. Ideally we want to
place our stations on exposed bedrock so intend using a bare soil
index for identifying good sights. Once I am done, I will report back
on results. I am having fun doing this but am rusty w.r.t. TNTmips
skills.

Cheers

On Jul 26, 2:29 am, Randy <rsm...@microimages.com> wrote:


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