see Festival (disambiguation)

Feast redirects here, for other uses see Feast

The 2006 Sinulog festival in the Philippines Renaissance festival Village Feast.--Fac-simile of a Woodcut of the "Sandrin ou Verd Galant," facetious Work of the End of the Sixteenth Century (edition of 1609).

A festival is an event, usually staged by a local community, which centers on some unique aspect of that community.

Among many religions, a feast or festival is a set of celebrations in honour of God or gods. A feast and a festival are historically interchangeable. However, the term "feast" has also entered common secular parlance as a synonym for any large or elaborate meal. When used as in the meaning of a festival, most often refers to a religious festival rather than a film or art festival.

In the Christian liturgical calendar there are two principal feasts, properly known as the Feast of the Nativity of our Lord (Christmas) and the Feast of the Resurrection, (Easter). In the Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, and Anglican liturgical calendars there are a great number of lesser feasts throughout the year commemorating saints, sacred events, doctrines, etc.

[edit] Etymology

The word fest derives from the Middle English, from Middle French word festivus, from the Latin word festivus. Festival was first recorded as a noun in 1589. Before it had been used as an adjective from the fourteenth century, meaning to celebrate a church holiday. The etymology of feast is very similar to that of festival. The word "feste" (one letter different from "fest") comes from Middle English, from Middle French, from the Latin word festa. Feast first came into usage as a noun circa 1200, and feast was used as a verb circa 1300.^[1]

[edit] Function

Festivals, of many types, serve to meet specific social needs and duties, as well as to provide entertainment. These times of celebration offer a sense of belonging for religious, social, or geographical groups. Modern festivals that focus on cultural or ethnic topics seek to inform members of their traditions. In past times, festivals were times when the elderly shared stories and transferred certain knowledge to the next generation. Historic feasts often provided a means for unity among families and for people to find mates. Select anniversaries have annual festivals to commemorate previous significant occurrences.

[edit] Types

There are numerous types of festivals in the world. Though many have religious origins, others involve seasonal change or have some cultural significance. Also certain institutions celebrate their own festival (often called "fests") to mark some significant occasions in their history. These occasions could be the day these institutions were founded or any other event which they decide to comemorate periodically, usually annually.

[edit] Seasonal festivals

Almabtrieb in Kufstein, Austria

Festival in Nyon, Switzerland

Seasonal festivals are determined by the solar and the lunar calendars and by the cycle of the seasons. The changing of the season was celebrated because of its effect on food supply. Ancient Egyptians would celebrate the seasonal inundation caused by the Nile River, a form of irrigation, which provided fertile land for crops. In the Alps, in autumn the return of the cattle from the mountain pastures to the stables in the valley is celebrated as Almabtrieb. A recognized winter festival, the Chinese New Year, is set by the lunar calendar, and celebrated from the day of the second new moon after the winter solstice.

[edit] "Fests"

Certain institutions decide to annually commemorate certain special events significant to their history. These institutions are usually educational institutes such as colleges and senior secondary, secondary, or high schools. Such festivals are usually called "fests". Examples of such fests are:

• THOMSO of IIT Roorkee,Roorkee,Uttrakhand,India

• Pegasus of Christian Medical College, Vellore, India.
• Mecca of Hindu College, Delhi.
• Rendezvous IIT Delhi.
• Saarang of IIT Madras, Chennai.
• Cyanide of DCET,Chandigarh.
• PECFest of PEC,Chandigarh.
• Goonj of UIET, Chandigarh.
• Zodiac of R.G.I.T., Mumbai.

[edit] Ancient Egyptian festivals

Most Ancient Egyptian festivals were religious, but others were not such as one festival established by Ramesses III to celebrate his victory over the Libyans. When feasts occurred, they were either determined by lunar cycles or the Egyptian calendar. Festivals were large celebrations with plenty of food available. In one festival in the 12th century BC, 11,341 loaves of bread and 385 jars of beer were given to the public. The Sed festival celebrated the thirtieth year of a pharaohs rule and then every three (or four in one case) years after that.

[edit] Chinese traditional festivals

Spring Festival(Chinese New Year, Agriculture Calendar January 1st)

Lantern Festival (Community Day, Agriculture Calendar January 15th)

Wild Festival (Agriculture Calendar March 3rd)

Cold Food Festival (Agriculture Calendar one day before Solar term Qingming)

Mourning Festival(Ancestor Worship, Agriculture Calendar Solar term Qingming around Apr.5)

Dragon-boat Festival(Rice-Wrap Day,Agriculture Calendar May 5th)

Magpie Festival(Chinese Valentine, Agriculture Calendar July 7th)

Mid-Year Festival(Chinese Halloween, Agriculture Calendar July 15th)

Mid-Autumn Festival (Moon-Cake Day, Agriculture Calendar August 15th)

Dual-Yang Festival (Healthy long life Day and Hill-Climbing Day, Agriculture Calendar September 9th)

Mid-Winter Festival (Solar term Mid-Winter, around Dec.23rd)

Soup Festival (Buddist Festival, Agriculture Calendar December 8th)

Kitchen Festival (Chinese Thanksgiving, Agriculture Calendar December 23rd)

New Year's Eve (the last day of the Agriculture Calendar)

[edit] Types of festivals

• Arts festival
• Ballon festival
• Beer festival
• Comedy festival
• Endless Festival
• Film festival
• Fire Festivals of Japan (hi matsuri) [1]
• Folklife festival
• Food festival
• Halloween festival
• Literary festival
• Mela Festival
• Music festival
• New Age Festival
• Religious festival
• Rock festival
• Science festival
• Storytelling festival
• Category:Television festivals
• Theatre festival
• Renaissance festival
• Political festival
• Hemp festival

[edit] See also

• List of festivals
• Wiktionary:Fest
• Wiktionary:Festival
• liturgical year
• moveable feast
• festive ecology

[edit] Notes

1. ^ Etymology of "feast", etymonline.com. Retrieved on 2006-03-09.

[edit] External links

• Zvents.com, Search festivals by where and when
• EventCrazy.com, fesitvals and other events in a searchable database
• Festivalguide (Database and Line Ups of european and worldwide music festivals)
• Festivals in Spain
• Festival and Event Resource
• ExhibitAfrica: Database of Afrocentric events & festivals
• Japan Atlas Festivals
• Festivals of Kerala
• Makara Sankranti egreeting

Vikipedi, özgür ansiklopedi

Festival, genellikle yerel bir topluluk tarafından belirlenmiş ve geleneksel olmuş gün ve tarihlerde kutlanan, yapıldığı yörenin imgesi hâline gelmiş etkinlikler bütünüdür. Festival kelimesi Latince festa kelimesinden gelir. İlk kez 1200'lü yılların başında kullanıma girmiş ve yerleşmiştir. Festivaller genelde doyasıya yemeklerin yendiği, çevrenin en güzel şekilde süslenip, temizlendiği olgulardır.

Dinlerde festivaller [değiştir]

Birçok kültürde festivaller tanrı veya tanrıların huzurunda duruştur. Festivallerin insanlara Tanrı tarafından verildiğine inanılır ve kutsal kabul edilir.

Hıristiyanlıkta festivaller [değiştir]

Hıristiyanlığın özünde;

• Noel
• Paskalya Yortusu

olmak üzere iki ana festival vardır. Bunun yanında Katolik, Doğu Ortodoks ve Angelikan mezheplerinde sayısız küçük festival vardır.

Eski Mısır'da festivaller [değiştir]

Birçok Mısır festivali dinî kökenlidir ve şaşaası ile dikkat çeker. Heryıl Firavun'un herhangi özel bir gününü anmak için büyük festivaller düzenlenir ve özellikle eğer Firavun hükümdarlığının otuzuncu yılına ulaşırsa halka hiç bir masraftan kaçınılmaz, her türlü ikram yapılırdı.

İslâm'da festivaller [değiştir]

İslâm dininde festival adı altında kutlamalar yapılmaz. İslâm kültüründe festivaller bayram adı ile anılır. İslâm inancında;

• Ramazan Bayramı
• Kurban Bayramı

olmak üzere iki dinî kutlama düzenlenir. Bu dinî bayramlar insanların en güzel ibadet, kulluk ettiği zamanlardır.

Diğer festivaller [değiştir]

Festivaller dinî yönlerinin yanısıra, dinden tamamen ayrı insanların eğlence için kendilerinin oluşturduğu eğlencelerde olabilir. Dünyada en yaygın olarak kutlanan festivallerden birisi de mevsim festivalleridir. Özellikle Nevruz'da olduğu gibi ilkbaharın kutlanmasına benzer olarak birçok kültürde kışın gelişi, beklenen yağmurun yağması gibi etmenlerle de festivaller düzenlenmektedir.

Türkiye'de tüm bunların haricinde yörelere has ürünlerin ad sahipliğini yaptığı, sadece ekonomik kazanç ve tanıtım sağlaması amacıyla da festivaller düzenlenir. Karpuz Festivali, Kiraz Festivali gibi. Günümüzde birçok yaylâ kendi festivallerine ev sahipliği yapar. Türkçe'de festivaller Şenlik olarak da adlandırılır.

Dış bağlantılar [değiştir]

• Uluslararası Animasyon Festivali
• Festivalguide (Avrupadaki dünyaca ünlü müzik festivalleri)
• Festival
• Komedi festivali
• Bayou
• ExhibitAfrica: Festivaller
• Katolik festivallerş
• Japon festivali
• Katolik takvimi
• geleneksel afrika dans festivali
• Festival ve Etkinlik Rehberi
• Festival Organizatör Rehberi
• Rock/Metal Festivalleri
• İstanbuldaki Festivaller