Massive Roman grave site discovered in UK
Pastor Dale Morgan
Massive Roman grave site discovered in UK*
Last Updated: 7:14PM BST 30/04/2008
Archaeologists have unveiled the first ever discovery of a one of the
rarest finds in British history – a mass Roman grave.
Mass Roman grave discovered in Gloucester
Archaeologists have now gone public after four years secretly excavating
the site
The remains of 91 men, women and children are believed to have been
hurriedly dumped during an outbreak of disease in the 2nd or 3rd century.
It is the first officially-recognised Roman mass grave to be found in
Britain.
The site was first discovered in Gloucester in 2004 and archaeologists
have now gone public after four years secretly excavating the site and
analysing the bones.
Louise Loe, Head of Burial Archaeology at Oxford Archaeology who led the
analysis, said: "The skeletons were lying with their bones completely
entangled, reflecting the fact that they had been dumped in a hurried
manner.
"When we studied the skeletons we looked for evidence to explain why
they had been buried in such a way.
"This has led us to conclude the individuals were the victims of an
epidemic."
The burial site is now occupied by Cathedral Court, a complex of
retirement homes opposite the Church of St Mary Magdalene, a former 12th
Century lepers hospital.
Two other mass Roman burial sites have previously been found in York in
the 1870's but were not properly recorded and are therefore not
officially recognised.
It is believed the bodies were victims of the Antonine Plague, which
tore through Europe in the second century.
Archaeologists spent a painstaking 18 months analysing the bones, which
were dumped about a century before the Romans quit Britain.
Project officer Andrew Simmonds added: "This is very exciting and is
unique in as much as we are able to tie the find in with an actual
historical event.
"By analysing the pottery and broaches found on the women we have been
able to determine the date as the second half of the second century AD.
"This ties in with an outbreak of the Antonine Plague, which was
probably small pox.
"The bones were not in a very good condition because of the manner in
which they were discarded.
"We have managed to identify 21 of the bodies as definitely male and
eight have been confirmed as female."
Two 1st Century sculptured and inscribed tombstones were also found at
the site.
One was for a 14-year-old slave and the other was for Lucius Octavius
Martialis, a soldier of the 20th Legion.
The legion was stationed at Gloucester until the 70s AD and the mass
grave may have been civilian descendants of the Roman military.
The discovery is significant not only because it pre-dates the Roman
departure from Britain but also because it is so rare to discover
remains in such a hap-hazard manner.
The Romans were very particular about where remains were buried, which
makes the find so unique.
Roman Gloucester is thought to have been founded in 48AD by the river,
at Kingsholm.
In about 97AD Glevum, the Roman name for Gloucester, was given the
status of 'colonia' – the highest urban status.