Billions face water shortages
Pastor Dale Morgan
Wednesday August 16, 9:03 PM Reuters
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Billions face water shortages*
By James Grubel
CANBERRA (Reuters) - A third of the world is facing water shortages
because of poor management of water resources and soaring water usage,
driven mainly by agriculture, the International Water Management
Institute said on Wednesday.
Water scarcity around the world was increasing faster than expected,
with agriculture accounting for 80 percent of global water consumption,
the world authority on fresh water management told a development
conference in Canberra.
Globally, water usage had increased by six times in the past 100 years
and would double again by 2050, driven mainly by irrigation and demands
by agriculture, said Frank Rijsberman, the institute's director-general.
Billions of people in Asia and Africa already faced water shortages
because of poor water management, he said.
"We will not run out of bottled water any time soon but some countries
have already run out of water to produce their own food," he said.
"Without improvements in water productivity ... the consequences of this
will be even more widespread water scarcity and rapidly increasing water
prices."
The Sri Lanka-based institute, funded by international agricultural
research organisations, is due to formally release its findings at a
conference in Sweden later this month.
Rijsberman said water scarcity in Asia and Australia affected about 1.5
billion people and was caused by over-allocating water from rivers,
while scarcity in Africa was caused by a lack of infrastructure to get
the water to the people who need it.
"The water is there, the rainfall is there, but the infrastructure isn't
there," Rijsberman told reporters.
He said more needed to be done to promote rain-fed agriculture and to
increase water storage in Africa, where many people live with water
scarcity.
THE PRICE IS NOT RIGHT
"Irrigation needs to be reinvented," said Rijsberman, adding irrigation
in many countries was inefficient.
But scarcity problems could also be overcome by more efficient water
use, recycling and better pricing of water, which in its bottled form
was already rivalling the cost of oil.
Rising living standards in India and China would lead to increased
demand for better food, which would take more water to produce, he said.
Rijsberman said the price of water would have to increase to meet an
expected 50 percent increase in the amount of food the world will need
in the next 20 years.
He said in Australia, five years into a drought, irrigation water costs
less than five U.S. cents (2 pence) a cubic metre, compared to $1 to $2
per cubic metre for drinking tap water and $100 to $200 per cubic metre
for bottled drinking water.
Australian Foreign Minister Alexander Downer, whose constituency covers
the mouth of Australia's longest river system, the Murray-Darling, said
solving water problems was a pressing problem for the world.
"Improving the efficiency of agricultural production and water use is
fundamentally important to improving economic growth, sustainability and
reducing poverty," Downer said.
The Murray-Darling runs through Australia's main crop and food-growing
region but water flows have dropped dramatically because of drought and
large amounts of river water pumped out to irrigate cotton.
Downer said Australian researchers were working with counterparts in
China to develop new irrigation methods for rice, while Australian aid
programmes were working to improve water in the Mekong River through
Laos, Cambodia, Thailand and Vietnam.
A report on global water by environment group WWF released on Wednesday
warned that rich nations, like Australia, were not immune to the coming
water crisis.
It said Sydney was using more water than could be replenished and
Australia had among the highest water usage in the world.
Each day, urban Australians use an average of 300 litres of water each,
compared with Europeans who consume about 200 litres, while people in
sub-Saharan Africa existed on 10-20 litres a day, said the report.