Thunder? It's the sound of Greenland melting
Pastor Dale Morgan
Thunder? It's the sound of Greenland melting*
POSTED: 1444 GMT (2244 HKT), June 6, 2007
Story Highlights
• A new island in East Greenland is a clear sign of how the place is
changing
• If the Greenland ice cap melted entirely, oceans would rise by 23 feet
• Its melt zone has expanded by 30 percent -- faster than models had
predicted
• Warmer weather boosting tourism, a source of development for Inuit
inhabitants
ILULISSAT, Greenland (Reuters) -- Atop Greenland's Suicide Cliff, from
where old Inuit women used to hurl themselves when they felt they had
become a burden to their community, a crack and a thud like thunder
pierce the air.
"We don't have thunder here. But I know it from movies," says Ilulissat
nurse Vilhelmina Nathanielsen, who hiked with us through the melting
snow. "It's the ice cracking inside the icebergs. If we're lucky we
might see one break apart."
It's too early in the year to see icebergs crumple regularly but the
sound is a reminder. As politicians squabble over how to act on climate
change, Greenland's ice cap is melting, and faster than scientists had
thought possible.
A new island in East Greenland is a clear sign of how the place is
changing. It was dubbed Warming Island by American explorer Dennis
Schmitt when he discovered in 2005 that it had emerged from under the
retreating ice.
If the ice cap melted entirely, oceans would rise by 23 feet, flooding
New York and London, and drowning island nations like the Maldives.
A total meltdown would take centuries but global warming, which climate
experts blame mainly on human use of fossil fuels, is heating the Arctic
faster than anywhere else on Earth.
"When I was a child, I remember hunters dog-sledding 50 miles on ice
across the bay to Disko Island in the winter," said Judithe Therkildsen,
a retiree from Aasiaat, a town south of Ilulissat on Disko Bay.
"That hasn't happened in a long time."
Greenland, the world's largest island, is mostly covered by an ice cap
of about 624,000 cubic miles that accounts for a 10th of all the fresh
water in the world.
Over the last 30 years, its melt zone has expanded by 30 percent.
"Some people are scared to discover the process is running faster than
the models," said Konrad Steffen, a glaciologist at University of
Colorado at Boulder and a Greenland expert who serves on a U.S.
government advisory committee on abrupt climate change.
In the past 15 years, winter temperatures have risen about 9 degrees
Fahrenheit on the cap, while spring and autumn temperatures increased
about 5 degrees Fahrenheit. Summer temperatures are unchanged.
Swiss-born Steffen is one of dozens of scientists who have peppered the
Greenland ice cap with instruments to measure temperature, snowfall and
the movement, thickness and melting of the ice.
Since 1990, Steffen has spent two months a year at Swiss Camp, a
wind-swept outpost of tents on the ice cap, where he and other
researchers brave temperatures of minus 22 degrees Fahrenheit to
scrutinize Greenland's climate change clues.
The more the surface melts, the faster the ice sheet moves towards the
ocean. The glacier Swiss Camp rests on has doubled its speed to about 9
miles a year in the last 12 years, just as its tongue retreated 10 km
into the fjord.
"It is scary," said Steffen. "This is only Greenland. But Antarctica and
glaciers around the world are responding as well."
Two to three days' worth of icebergs from this glacier alone produce
enough fresh water to supply New York City for a year.
The rush of new water leaves scientists with crucial questions about how
much sea levels could rise and whether the system of ocean currents that
ensures Western Europe's mild winters -- known as the "conveyor belt" --
could shut down.
"Some models can predict a change in the conveyor belt within 50 to 100
years," said Steffen. "But it's one out of 10 models. The uncertainty is
quite large."
If you're a fisherman in Greenland, however, global warming is doing
wonders for your business.
Warmer waters entice seawolf and cod to swim farther north in the
Atlantic into Greenlandic nets. In this Disko Bay town, the world's
iceberg capital, the harbor is now open year-round because winter is no
longer cold enough to freeze it solid.
Warmer weather also boosts tourism, a source of big development hopes
for the 56,000 mostly Inuit inhabitants of Greenland, which is a
self-governing territory of Denmark.
Hoping to lure American visitors, Air Greenland launched a direct flight
from Baltimore last month, and there is even talk of "global warming
tourism" to see Warming Island.
One commentator, noting the carbon dioxide emissions such travel would
create, has called that "eco-suicide tourism."