Vaccine-linked polio outbreak hits Nigeria*

By Alex Last
BBC News, Lagos

Nigeria is fighting a rare outbreak of a vaccine-derived form of polio,
says the UN's World Health Organization.

It says 69 children in the north have caught the paralysing disease from
others who had already been immunised.

The WHO says such rare outbreaks have occurred where immunisation
campaigns did not reach enough of the population.

In 2003 Islamic leaders brought a temporary halt to the vaccine campaign
in the north saying it was a Western conspiracy to sterilise Muslim women.

The WHO says this rare outbreak of vaccine-derived polio demonstrates
the need for more vaccination, not less.

But the concern is that the cause of the outbreak could be
misinterpreted by people here and reinforce their scepticism of the
whole vaccine campaign.

Scare stories

The WHO says the outbreak occurred when some of those who had received
the oral polio vaccine excreted a mutated form of the virus which
infected those who were not immunised.

It says the outbreak is ongoing but slowing because of the continuing
vaccination campaign, and the last reported case was in August.

The WHO says the outbreak occurred because not enough people were
receiving the polio vaccine in the first place.

Northern Nigeria still has a low coverage rate for the vaccination
campaign, a legacy of a temporary halt to the programme in 2003.

Those scare stories built on existing traditional scepticism of Western
medicine.

But more recently the vaccination programme has made some progress.

Polio cases as a whole are down on last year, in part because of a new
programme of polio victims accompanying immunisation teams to
demonstrate to parents the risks of not having their children vaccinated.