Unprovoked Beatings of Homeless Soaring
Pastor Dale Morgan
Apr 8, 7:20 PM EDT
*Unprovoked Beatings of Homeless Soaring*
By TODD LEWAN
AP National Writer
ORLANDO, Fla. (AP) -- It was a balmy night, the sort that brings the
homeless out from the shelters, when the police were summoned to America
Street. On the driveway of a condo, just a few paces from the gutter,
lay a man. A dying man.
He looked to be 50-ish, and a resident of Orlando's streets, judging by
the moldy jacket. And he'd been bludgeoned - so badly bludgeoned that he
could hardly move.
Before being rushed to the hospital, where he died of his head injuries,
the man, August Felix, described his attackers. Young fellows did it, he
whispered to the officers who got to him first. Kids.
Within three months, two 16-year-olds and three 15-year-olds had been
charged with second-degree homicide in the March 26, 2006, attack. The
motive? "I don't think there was a motive," Sgt. Barbara Jones, a police
spokeswoman, said, "other than, 'Let's beat someone up.'"
That high-schoolers had turned - allegedly on a whim - into executioners
brought pause to city officials and advocates for the homeless, not just
because the killing was unprovoked, but because it fit into a trend
larger than Orlando: a nationwide surge in violence largely by teenagers
and young adults against some of America's most vulnerable citizens.
A 2006 report by the National Coalition for the Homeless found 142
attacks last year against homeless people, 20 of which resulted in death
- a 65 percent increase from 2005, when 86 were violently assaulted,
including 13 homicides.
By comparison, 60 such attacks were reported in 1999, the year the
coalition - the only entity to gather such data - began to study the
problem.
And these numbers are likely low because they only reflect the most
egregious attacks reported in newspapers or by agencies that serve the
homeless and some victims themselves, according to Michael Stoops,
acting executive director of the Washington-based coalition.
The trend is particularly troubling, he says, because such attacks no
longer occur just in major cities on the East and West Coasts, as was
the case in the 1980s.
In its most recent study, "Hate, Violence, and Death on Main Street
USA," the coalition documented attacks against the destitute in 62
communities last year alone, in 26 states. Since 1999, such violence has
occurred in 44 states and Puerto Rico, and in 200 communities nationwide.
An overwhelming majority of the attackers - 88 percent - were 25 or
younger; 95 percent were male. No less than 68 percent of those accused
and convicted in attacks were between the ages of 13 and 19.
This pattern of violence, in Stoops' view, hasn't gotten the attention
it deserves from the public or law enforcement.
"Homeless people are the newest minority group in America that is 'OK'
to hate and hurt," he said. "It's as though, somehow, they're viewed as
less deserving, less human than the rest of us."
Americans did pay attention to the story of 58-year-old Jacques Pierre,
a homeless man who'd been sleeping on a bench on a college campus when
three teenagers woke him up, taunted him, then nearly killed him with
baseball bats.
Why?
That Jan. 12, 2006, ambush in Fort Lauderdale was filmed by a
surveillance camera, and broadcast worldwide.
"For once," says Sean Cononie, who operates a homeless shelter in that
seaside city, "Americans saw with their own eyes how kids hunt down and
kill homeless people as though it were a sport."
Such "sport" has occurred elsewhere:
-In Toms River, N.J., five high-school students were charged with
beating a 50-year-old homeless man nearly to death with pipes and
baseball bats - throwing hockey pucks at him for good measure - as he
slept in the woods.
-In Butte, Mont., a 53-year-old homeless man was killed at a Greyhound
bus depot because he refused to give another man a cigarette, according
to court records. The victim's skull was fractured. The 22-year-old
assailant received a 50-year prison sentence.
-In Spokane, Wash., a one-legged, 50-year-old homeless man was set on
fire in his wheelchair on a downtown street; he died of his burns.
Police charged a 22-year-old man with first-degree murder.
-In Nashville, Tenn., a 32-year-old homeless woman sleeping on a boat
ramp was shoved into the Cumberland River, according to witnesses. Two
men, ages 21 and 22, were charged with homicide in her drowning;
authorities say the attack was unprovoked.
Cononie, who also publishes a monthly newspaper, "The Homeless Voice,"
reported another trend:
"Kids are even starting to videotape themselves hurting homeless people.
That's something we never saw before."
He was referring to an February incident in Corpus Christi, Texas, in
which a 22-year-old, a 16-year-old and a 15-year-old describe on camera
how they are going to assault a homeless man, then do so.
On the tape, the attackers kick the man in the back, grab him, and flip
him around to show off his injuries, according to police. The camera,
which had been stolen, was recovered by the owner, who called police
once she saw the footage.
Police have arrested one of the teens, and are looking for the other two
suspects. The victim suffered a concussion but survived.
Some perpetrators are even younger. In late March, a homeless day
laborer was walking at night through a neighborhood of Daytona Beach,
Fla., when three boys on bicycles attacked him, striking him with a
concrete block.
Two of the boys were 10 years old; the third was 17. Each has been
charged with aggravated battery. "For a 10-year-old to pick up a cinder
block and smash somebody's face with it, that defies logic," Michael
Chitwood, Daytona's police chief, later told a reporter.
Though for the past decade assaults on the homeless have dotted the U.S.
map, Florida is the state where such attacks are most frequent by far,
the coalition's February report says.
Last year, the coalition documented 48 attacks in Florida, where 60,867
of the state's 17.8 million residents are homeless, according to federal
figures. By comparison, 11 attacks were counted in California, where
170,270 of that state's 36 million people are homeless.
While some investigators believe the attacks are random, Sgt. Richard
Ring, who investigated the murder of August Felix in Orlando last year,
sees "a more deep-seated problem here."
As he puts it, "Our young people get prejudices from their parents in
regard to homeless people. They don't identify with the homeless, and
they don't seem to see them as important." With Felix, Ring adds, "the
juveniles targeted him because he was easy prey."
Homeless advocates also link the trend to the popularity of "Bumfights,"
a video series created in 2001 and sold on the Internet. The videos
feature homeless people battering one another for money.
A Bumfights DVD was cited as inspiration by a 19-year-old who pounced on
a homeless man as he slept on a Los Angeles sidewalk, then pummeled him
with an aluminum baseball bat. The 2005 beating put Ernest Adams, 56,
into a coma for three weeks and cost him the sight in one eye.
Last July, a jury found his attacker, Justin Brumfield, guilty of
assault; he is serving an 11-year prison sentence.
Internet site Bumfights.com, which sells the videos, says the purpose is
to call attention to poverty and violence. "Please do not miss the point
of these videos! Educate yourself. Help those who are less fortunate.
Spread love not hate," the Web site says.
In 2002, Donald Brennan and Rufus Hannah, two homeless, army veterans,
filed suit against the Las Vegas producers, alleging they were paid
small amounts of money to bash their heads into walls, light their hair
on fire, attack each other, and to tattoo "Bumfights" in bold letters
across their hands and foreheads.
Later, the Bumfights producers agreed to pay an unspecified amount in
damages and to no longer use Hannah and Brennan's images for promotional
purposes.
The shock-video producers also pleaded guilty to charges of conspiracy
to stage an illegal fight for their videos in 2003, and were ordered to
perform community service. (In 2005, they were sentenced to six months
in prison for having failed to complete the community service.)
The Associated Press sent an e-mail to Bumfights.com seeking comment for
this story, but got no response.
A number of local governments have adopted ordinances that restrict
where and when the homeless can sleep, stroll, beg, eat, bathe, or do
laundry. And this trend may have an unintended effect - reinforcing
negative stereotypes of homelessness, which contributes to the violence,
some advocates say.
"When cities pass laws that target homeless people, they send a message
to their communities that the homeless are not as valuable in the public
eye as those with homes," says Tulin Ozdeger, a civil rights attorney at
the National Law Center on Homelessness & Poverty.
Of late, there have been signs that lawmakers may be ready to crack down
harder on those who assault the homeless without provocation - one being
a recent push to categorize such attacks as hate crimes.
Currently, gays, along with racial, ethnic and religious groups, are
covered by various hate crime laws around the country; convictions under
these statutes usually carry harsher sentences than other types of crime.
Brian Levin, a criminologist and hate crimes expert at Cal State San
Bernardino, says attacks on homeless people "fit the category like a
glove," and should be punished as severely.
Hate crimes, he says, bear similar hallmarks: stereotyped victims,
offenders who act on latent prejudices, offenders who seek thrills or
feel superior to their victims, and a mob mentality that sweeps away
caution.
"And on all these points," says Levin, "the attacks against the homeless
are really indistinguishable from other hate crimes except for one
difference - there are a heck of a lot more of them."
Between 1999 and 2005, 82 people were killed in America because of their
race, ethnicity, or religious or sexual orientation, according to the
FBI, which has been collecting data on hate crimes since 1990.
There were 169 homeless people murdered during that same period, the
National Coalition for the Homeless says - a statistic that Levin
describes as "astounding." It has caught the attention of some lawmakers.
Twenty-six members of Congress have asked the Government Accountability
Office to determine whether attacks on the homeless should be classified
as hate crimes under federal law.
In the meantime, homeless hate-crime bills are moving through the
legislatures of six states: Maryland, California, Massachusetts, Nevada,
Texas and Florida.